In the Spine data there is a width and height for each region attachment. If you design in Spine with your 2x asset, these will be your 2x size (eg 200x200). When you scale at load time it scales the region width and height (eg using 0.5 the region becomes 100x100).
Again, Spine doesn't care about the actual asset sizes used at runtime. Whatever the asset sizes at runtime, they will be drawn at the size of the regions in the Spine data.